Japanese lacquerware is made through a division of labor, with each specialized craftsman handling a different process, and it takes an enormous amount of time to complete. The unique method of production, which contrasts with the efficiency-driven approach of modern products, has been passed down through generations.
There are craftsmen who shape the wooden molds, those who polish and refine the shapes, artisans who apply layers of lacquer, others who carve intricate patterns into the lacquerware, and craftsmen who add designs and coloring.
The advanced techniques of these skilled artisans result in masterpieces of exceptional artistry.
The number of steps involved varies depending on the region and grade, but it can range from dozens to hundreds of processes.
Among Japan's traditional crafts, the level of pursuit and perfection in lacquerware stands out as exceptional.
However, in recent years, the number of artisans inheriting the traditional techniques has sharply declined. At the same time, cheap lacquerware coated with urethane paint on synthetic resin has flooded the market, causing authentic lacquerware to rapidly disappear from our everyday lives.
Traditionally, lacquerware is a very expensive item, with high-quality pieces often costing several hundred dollars.
Antique lacquerware, though of high quality, can still be acquired relatively affordably, and using well-maintained antique lacquerware in daily life is highly recommended.
Japanese lacquer (Urushi) is the sap extracted from the urushi tree.
This sap is filtered to remove impurities, then stirred to ensure its components are evenly distributed. Next, the lacquer is heated while being mixed, and moisture is evaporated to refine the lacquer.
The finished lacquer may be left to age for several years, resulting in a finer texture.
Japanese lacquer is renowned for its top-tier quality, and compared to foreign varieties, it dries and solidifies in a completely different way.
The process of harvesting lacquer begins around June. Horizontal cuts are made on the urushi tree, and these cuts are gradually extended every 4 to 5 days. The sap that oozes out from these cuts is collected. This process continues until around September.
A single tree yields about 200 grams of lacquer. Considering that it takes around 10 to 20 years for the urushi tree to mature, it is clear how precious this material is.
Lacquer has strong adhesive properties, as well as antibacterial and antifungal effects. The E. coli bacteria that may be present on lacquerware are almost completely eradicated within 24 hours.
The reason lacquerware can last a lifetime is because of the remarkable durability of lacquer itself.
Since lacquerware is made from 100% natural materials, it contains no chemicals or synthetic substances, making it very safe to use.
However, lacquer has a weakness: it is sensitive to drying and ultraviolet (UV) rays. It should be kept out of direct sunlight.
PRODUCTION PROCESS
1. Wood Base Creation
For each type of wood base, the raw wood is roughly carved into shape, then dried for about two months to a year to remove excess moisture. This helps prevent distortion and cracking.
・Wood Selection
Typical types include cherry, oak, zelkova, and cypress.
・Wood Processing
The wood is shaped with carving and smoothing techniques.
・Drying
Helps ensure lacquer adhesion.
・Finishing
Smooth surface finish for lacquer bonding.
Round items are shaped on a lathe. Sound and tactile feedback guide the craftsman’s touch. This level of detail shows true mastery.
2. Lacquer Coating Process
Divided into base (Shitanuri) and top coating (Uwanuri). Each layer is applied, dried, and polished.
・Primer Coating
Urushi is applied to the surface.
・Drying and Polishing
Each layer is dried and smoothed.
・Multiple Coats
Up to 20-30 layers, each polished for finish.
・Polishing Tools
Includes nara powder, sandpaper, and stones.
Known as the "living lacquer," Urushi is affected by temperature and humidity. Craftsmen use their senses to adjust lacquer consistency. After application, it is dried in a cedar bath, and polished repeatedly to achieve finish.
3. Decorative Process
・Maki-e
Designs made with lacquer and gold/silver powder.
・Chinkin
Carved designs filled with gold/silver.
・Raden
Mother-of-pearl or abalone inlay work.
4. Final Curing
Done in high humidity for several weeks. Allows lacquer to harden and reach durability.
5. Final Polishing and Inspection
Polished with fine abrasives or cloth to enhance sheen.
Usage and Maintenance
Care
Wipe with a soft cloth. Avoid sunlight, heat, and harsh chemicals.
Longevity
With care, lacquerware can last generations.
We invite you to explore our handcrafted wooden lacquerware pieces in the Owan, Wood/Lacquerware Collection. Discover the harmony of natural materials and timeless artistry.
